Information not provided.

European Level

The European Commission established the European AI Office (AI Office) on 24 January 2024. The AI Office is a European Commission function and forms part of the Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology; it must therefore operate in accordance with the Commission's internal processes. The AI Office is responsible for assisting the European Commission with the oversight, monitoring and enforcement of requirements for GPAI models and systems. It is primarily made up of hired full-time staff from a range of backgrounds such as technology specialists, economists, policy specialists and lawyers.

In addition, the European Artificial Intelligence Board (AI Board) has also been established. The AI Board's core responsibility is to advise and assist the Commission and Member States to facilitate the consistent and effective application of the EU AI Act. The AI Board will include a representative from each Member State and the AI Office and the European Data Protection Supervisor shall participate as non-voting observers.

Member State Level

Article 70 of the EU AI Act concerns the designation of national competent authorities by EU Member States. It specifies that each Member State shall establish or designate as national competent authorities at least one notifying authority and at least one market surveillance authority for the purposes of the general supervision and enforcement of the EU AI Act. Where multiple market surveillance authorities are appointed, one of the market surveillance authorities must act as the single point of contact. The authorities must operate independently and without bias. Member States were required to notify the Commission of their appointed authorities and publicly available information on how to contact them by 2 August 2025. The designation of national authorities has been slower than expected, which may affect early enforcement consistency.

European Level

The European Commission established the European AI Office (AI Office) on 24 January 2024. The AI Office is a European Commission function and forms part of the Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology; it must therefore operate in accordance with the Commission's internal processes. The AI Office is responsible for assisting the European Commission with the oversight, monitoring and enforcement of requirements for GPAI models and systems. It is primarily made up of hired full-time staff from a range of backgrounds such as technology specialists, economists, policy specialists and lawyers.

In addition, the European Artificial Intelligence Board (AI Board) has also been established. The AI Board's core responsibility is to advise and assist the Commission and Member States to facilitate the consistent and effective application of the EU AI Act. The AI Board will include a representative from each Member State and the AI Office and the European Data Protection Supervisor shall participate as non-voting observers.

Member State Level

Article 70 of the EU AI Act concerns the designation of national competent authorities by EU Member States. It specifies that each Member State shall establish or designate as national competent authorities at least one notifying authority and at least one market surveillance authority for the purposes of the general supervision and enforcement of the EU AI Act. Where multiple market surveillance authorities are appointed, one of the market surveillance authorities must act as the single point of contact. The authorities must operate independently and without bias. Member States were required to notify the Commission of their appointed authorities and publicly available information on how to contact them by 2 August 2025. The designation of national authorities has been slower than expected, which may affect early enforcement consistency.

A supervisory body with authority for AI has not yet been appointed in Brazil yet by way of statutory appointment. According to the Brazilian AI Bill, once the Bill is sanctioned, the National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) will coordinate a National Artificial Intelligence Regulation and Governance System (SIA), which will be created and integrated by state sector regulation bodies and self-regulation and certification entities, the Artificial Intelligence Regulatory Cooperation Council/Cria and the Committee of Artificial Intelligence Experts and Scientists/Cecia. Amongst the duties of the SIA will be the regulation of high-risk systems, strengthening the powers of the sectoral authorities and the ANPD, harmonising the work of regulatory bodies and carrying out periodic studies and sending an opinion to Congress every four years on the need to improve legislation on AI.

European Level

The European Commission established the European AI Office (AI Office) on 24 January 2024. The AI Office is a European Commission function and forms part of the Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology; it must therefore operate in accordance with the Commission's internal processes. The AI Office is responsible for assisting the European Commission with the oversight, monitoring and enforcement of requirements for GPAI models and systems. It is primarily made up of hired full-time staff from a range of backgrounds such as technology specialists, economists, policy specialists and lawyers.

In addition, the European Artificial Intelligence Board (AI Board) has also been established. The AI Board's core responsibility is to advise and assist the Commission and Member States to facilitate the consistent and effective application of the EU AI Act. The AI Board will include a representative from each Member State and the AI Office and the European Data Protection Supervisor shall participate as non-voting observers.

Member State Level

Article 70 of the EU AI Act concerns the designation of national competent authorities by EU Member States. It specifies that each Member State shall establish or designate as national competent authorities at least one notifying authority and at least one market surveillance authority for the purposes of the general supervision and enforcement of the EU AI Act. Where multiple market surveillance authorities are appointed, one of the market surveillance authorities must act as the single point of contact. The authorities must operate independently and without bias. Member States were required to notify the Commission of their appointed authorities and publicly available information on how to contact them by 2 August 2025. The designation of national authorities has been slower than expected, which may affect early enforcement consistency.

A supervisory body with authority for AI has not yet been appointed in Canada by way of statutory appointment. For the deployment of AI in the public sector, the federal government has committed to establishing an AI Centre of Expertise on project support, knowledge sharing, and strategic guidance to support AI adoption and experimentation.

Article 14 of the Chilean AI Bill creates the 'AI Advisory Board' as a consultative and permanent body that will advise the Minister of Science, Technology, Knowledge and Innovation (Science Ministry) on matters related to the development, promotion and continuous improvement of AI systems in the country. The main functions of this entity are to:

• Present to the Science Ministry a proposed list of 'High-Risk' and 'Limited-Risk' AI systems.
• Advise the Science Ministry regarding the scope and mode of compliance with the rules to which operators of 'High-Risk' and 'Limited-Risk' AI systems shall be subject.
• Submit to the Science Ministry a proposal regarding the establishment of guidelines for the development of controlled test sites for AI systems, as well as for the establishment of minimum standards of compliance and accountability for their development.

Article 24 of the Chilean AI Bill establishes that a 'Personal Data Protection Agency' (Agency) will be responsible for the control and sanctioning of the infringements established in the Chilean AI Bill.

While a single national supervisory body with specific authority for AI has not yet been appointed in PRC, the development of AI-related regulations is undertaken collaboratively by various governmental authorities (including the Cyberspace Administration of China/CAC, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology /MIIT, the Ministry of Public Security/MPS and the National Radio and Television Administration).

In addition, National Technical Committee 260 on Cybersecurity of SAC ("TC260") plays a pivotal role in organising and executing technical standardisation efforts related to domestic information security matters, and formulates technical standards across an array of domains, including network security technology, security mechanisms, security services, security management and security assessments.

European Level

The European Commission established the European AI Office (AI Office) on 24 January 2024. The AI Office is a European Commission function and forms part of the Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology; it must therefore operate in accordance with the Commission's internal processes. The AI Office is responsible for assisting the European Commission with the oversight, monitoring and enforcement of requirements for GPAI models and systems. It is primarily made up of hired full-time staff from a range of backgrounds such as technology specialists, economists, policy specialists and lawyers.

In addition, the European Artificial Intelligence Board (AI Board) has also been established. The AI Board's core responsibility is to advise and assist the Commission and Member States to facilitate the consistent and effective application of the EU AI Act. The AI Board will include a representative from each Member State and the AI Office and the European Data Protection Supervisor shall participate as non-voting observers.

Member State Level

Article 70 of the EU AI Act concerns the designation of national competent authorities by EU Member States. It specifies that each Member State shall establish or designate as national competent authorities at least one notifying authority and at least one market surveillance authority for the purposes of the general supervision and enforcement of the EU AI Act. Where multiple market surveillance authorities are appointed, one of the market surveillance authorities must act as the single point of contact. The authorities must operate independently and without bias. Member States were required to notify the Commission of their appointed authorities and publicly available information on how to contact them by 2 August 2025. The designation of national authorities has been slower than expected, which may affect early enforcement consistency.

European Level

The European Commission established the European AI Office (AI Office) on 24 January 2024. The AI Office is a European Commission function and forms part of the Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology; it must therefore operate in accordance with the Commission's internal processes. The AI Office is responsible for assisting the European Commission with the oversight, monitoring and enforcement of requirements for GPAI models and systems. It is primarily made up of hired full-time staff from a range of backgrounds such as technology specialists, economists, policy specialists and lawyers.

In addition, the European Artificial Intelligence Board (AI Board) has also been established. The AI Board's core responsibility is to advise and assist the Commission and Member States to facilitate the consistent and effective application of the EU AI Act. The AI Board will include a representative from each Member State and the AI Office and the European Data Protection Supervisor shall participate as non-voting observers.

Member State Level

Article 70 of the EU AI Act concerns the designation of national competent authorities by EU Member States. It specifies that each Member State shall establish or designate as national competent authorities at least one notifying authority and at least one market surveillance authority for the purposes of the general supervision and enforcement of the EU AI Act. Where multiple market surveillance authorities are appointed, one of the market surveillance authorities must act as the single point of contact. The authorities must operate independently and without bias. Member States were required to notify the Commission of their appointed authorities and publicly available information on how to contact them by 2 August 2025. The designation of national authorities has been slower than expected, which may affect early enforcement consistency.

European Level

The European Commission established the European AI Office (AI Office) on 24 January 2024. The AI Office is a European Commission function and forms part of the Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology; it must therefore operate in accordance with the Commission's internal processes. The AI Office is responsible for assisting the European Commission with the oversight, monitoring and enforcement of requirements for GPAI models and systems. It is primarily made up of hired full-time staff from a range of backgrounds such as technology specialists, economists, policy specialists and lawyers.

In addition, the European Artificial Intelligence Board (AI Board) has also been established. The AI Board's core responsibility is to advise and assist the Commission and Member States to facilitate the consistent and effective application of the EU AI Act. The AI Board will include a representative from each Member State and the AI Office and the European Data Protection Supervisor shall participate as non-voting observers.

Member State Level

Article 70 of the EU AI Act concerns the designation of national competent authorities by EU Member States. It specifies that each Member State shall establish or designate as national competent authorities at least one notifying authority and at least one market surveillance authority for the purposes of the general supervision and enforcement of the EU AI Act. Where multiple market surveillance authorities are appointed, one of the market surveillance authorities must act as the single point of contact. The authorities must operate independently and without bias. Member States were required to notify the Commission of their appointed authorities and publicly available information on how to contact them by 2 August 2025. The designation of national authorities has been slower than expected, which may affect early enforcement consistency.

European Level

The European Commission established the European AI Office (AI Office) on 24 January 2024. The AI Office is a European Commission function and forms part of the Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology; it must therefore operate in accordance with the Commission's internal processes. The AI Office is responsible for assisting the European Commission with the oversight, monitoring and enforcement of requirements for GPAI models and systems. It is primarily made up of hired full-time staff from a range of backgrounds such as technology specialists, economists, policy specialists and lawyers.

In addition, the European Artificial Intelligence Board (AI Board) has also been established. The AI Board's core responsibility is to advise and assist the Commission and Member States to facilitate the consistent and effective application of the EU AI Act. The AI Board will include a representative from each Member State and the AI Office and the European Data Protection Supervisor shall participate as non-voting observers.

Member State Level

Article 70 of the EU AI Act concerns the designation of national competent authorities by EU Member States. It specifies that each Member State shall establish or designate as national competent authorities at least one notifying authority and at least one market surveillance authority for the purposes of the general supervision and enforcement of the EU AI Act. Where multiple market surveillance authorities are appointed, one of the market surveillance authorities must act as the single point of contact. The authorities must operate independently and without bias. Member States were required to notify the Commission of their appointed authorities and publicly available information on how to contact them by 2 August 2025. The designation of national authorities has been slower than expected, which may affect early enforcement consistency.

European Level

The European Commission established the European AI Office (AI Office) on 24 January 2024. The AI Office is a European Commission function and forms part of the Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology; it must therefore operate in accordance with the Commission's internal processes. The AI Office is responsible for assisting the European Commission with the oversight, monitoring and enforcement of requirements for GPAI models and systems. It is primarily made up of hired full-time staff from a range of backgrounds such as technology specialists, economists, policy specialists and lawyers.

In addition, the European Artificial Intelligence Board (AI Board) has also been established. The AI Board's core responsibility is to advise and assist the Commission and Member States to facilitate the consistent and effective application of the EU AI Act. The AI Board will include a representative from each Member State and the AI Office and the European Data Protection Supervisor shall participate as non-voting observers.

Member State Level

Article 70 of the EU AI Act concerns the designation of national competent authorities by EU Member States. It specifies that each Member State shall establish or designate as national competent authorities at least one notifying authority and at least one market surveillance authority for the purposes of the general supervision and enforcement of the EU AI Act. Where multiple market surveillance authorities are appointed, one of the market surveillance authorities must act as the single point of contact. The authorities must operate independently and without bias. Member States were required to notify the Commission of their appointed authorities and publicly available information on how to contact them by 2 August 2025. The designation of national authorities has been slower than expected, which may affect early enforcement consistency.

European Level

The European Commission established the European AI Office (AI Office) on 24 January 2024. The AI Office is a European Commission function and forms part of the Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology; it must therefore operate in accordance with the Commission's internal processes. The AI Office is responsible for assisting the European Commission with the oversight, monitoring and enforcement of requirements for GPAI models and systems. It is primarily made up of hired full-time staff from a range of backgrounds such as technology specialists, economists, policy specialists and lawyers.

In addition, the European Artificial Intelligence Board (AI Board) has also been established. The AI Board's core responsibility is to advise and assist the Commission and Member States to facilitate the consistent and effective application of the EU AI Act. The AI Board will include a representative from each Member State and the AI Office and the European Data Protection Supervisor shall participate as non-voting observers.

Member State Level

Article 70 of the EU AI Act concerns the designation of national competent authorities by EU Member States. It specifies that each Member State shall establish or designate as national competent authorities at least one notifying authority and at least one market surveillance authority for the purposes of the general supervision and enforcement of the EU AI Act. Where multiple market surveillance authorities are appointed, one of the market surveillance authorities must act as the single point of contact. The authorities must operate independently and without bias. Member States were required to notify the Commission of their appointed authorities and publicly available information on how to contact them by 2 August 2025. The designation of national authorities has been slower than expected, which may affect early enforcement consistency.

European Level

The European Commission established the European AI Office (AI Office) on 24 January 2024. The AI Office is a European Commission function and forms part of the Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology; it must therefore operate in accordance with the Commission's internal processes. The AI Office is responsible for assisting the European Commission with the oversight, monitoring and enforcement of requirements for GPAI models and systems. It is primarily made up of hired full-time staff from a range of backgrounds such as technology specialists, economists, policy specialists and lawyers.

In addition, the European Artificial Intelligence Board (AI Board) has also been established. The AI Board's core responsibility is to advise and assist the Commission and Member States to facilitate the consistent and effective application of the EU AI Act. The AI Board will include a representative from each Member State and the AI Office and the European Data Protection Supervisor shall participate as non-voting observers.

Member State Level

Article 70 of the EU AI Act concerns the designation of national competent authorities by EU Member States. It specifies that each Member State shall establish or designate as national competent authorities at least one notifying authority and at least one market surveillance authority for the purposes of the general supervision and enforcement of the EU AI Act. Where multiple market surveillance authorities are appointed, one of the market surveillance authorities must act as the single point of contact. The authorities must operate independently and without bias. Member States were required to notify the Commission of their appointed authorities and publicly available information on how to contact them by 2 August 2025. The designation of national authorities has been slower than expected, which may affect early enforcement consistency.

European Level

The European Commission established the European AI Office (AI Office) on 24 January 2024. The AI Office is a European Commission function and forms part of the Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology; it must therefore operate in accordance with the Commission's internal processes. The AI Office is responsible for assisting the European Commission with the oversight, monitoring and enforcement of requirements for GPAI models and systems. It is primarily made up of hired full-time staff from a range of backgrounds such as technology specialists, economists, policy specialists and lawyers.

In addition, the European Artificial Intelligence Board (AI Board) has also been established. The AI Board's core responsibility is to advise and assist the Commission and Member States to facilitate the consistent and effective application of the EU AI Act. The AI Board will include a representative from each Member State and the AI Office and the European Data Protection Supervisor shall participate as non-voting observers.

Member State Level

Article 70 of the EU AI Act concerns the designation of national competent authorities by EU Member States. It specifies that each Member State shall establish or designate as national competent authorities at least one notifying authority and at least one market surveillance authority for the purposes of the general supervision and enforcement of the EU AI Act. Where multiple market surveillance authorities are appointed, one of the market surveillance authorities must act as the single point of contact. The authorities must operate independently and without bias. Member States were required to notify the Commission of their appointed authorities and publicly available information on how to contact them by 2 August 2025. The designation of national authorities has been slower than expected, which may affect early enforcement consistency.

European Level

The European Commission established the European AI Office (AI Office) on 24 January 2024. The AI Office is a European Commission function and forms part of the Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology; it must therefore operate in accordance with the Commission's internal processes. The AI Office is responsible for assisting the European Commission with the oversight, monitoring and enforcement of requirements for GPAI models and systems. It is primarily made up of hired full-time staff from a range of backgrounds such as technology specialists, economists, policy specialists and lawyers.

In addition, the European Artificial Intelligence Board (AI Board) has also been established. The AI Board's core responsibility is to advise and assist the Commission and Member States to facilitate the consistent and effective application of the EU AI Act. The AI Board will include a representative from each Member State and the AI Office and the European Data Protection Supervisor shall participate as non-voting observers.

Member State Level

Article 70 of the EU AI Act concerns the designation of national competent authorities by EU Member States. It specifies that each Member State shall establish or designate as national competent authorities at least one notifying authority and at least one market surveillance authority for the purposes of the general supervision and enforcement of the EU AI Act. Where multiple market surveillance authorities are appointed, one of the market surveillance authorities must act as the single point of contact. The authorities must operate independently and without bias. Member States were required to notify the Commission of their appointed authorities and publicly available information on how to contact them by 2 August 2025. The designation of national authorities has been slower than expected, which may affect early enforcement consistency.

European Level

The European Commission established the European AI Office (AI Office) on 24 January 2024. The AI Office is a European Commission function and forms part of the Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology; it must therefore operate in accordance with the Commission's internal processes. The AI Office is responsible for assisting the European Commission with the oversight, monitoring and enforcement of requirements for GPAI models and systems. It is primarily made up of hired full-time staff from a range of backgrounds such as technology specialists, economists, policy specialists and lawyers.

In addition, the European Artificial Intelligence Board (AI Board) has also been established. The AI Board's core responsibility is to advise and assist the Commission and Member States to facilitate the consistent and effective application of the EU AI Act. The AI Board will include a representative from each Member State and the AI Office and the European Data Protection Supervisor shall participate as non-voting observers.

Member State Level

Article 70 of the EU AI Act concerns the designation of national competent authorities by EU Member States. It specifies that each Member State shall establish or designate as national competent authorities at least one notifying authority and at least one market surveillance authority for the purposes of the general supervision and enforcement of the EU AI Act. Where multiple market surveillance authorities are appointed, one of the market surveillance authorities must act as the single point of contact. The authorities must operate independently and without bias. Member States were required to notify the Commission of their appointed authorities and publicly available information on how to contact them by 2 August 2025. The designation of national authorities has been slower than expected, which may affect early enforcement consistency.

Notwithstanding the DPO and PCPD publishing AI guidance, a single supervisory body with authority for regulating and enforcing AI has not yet been appointed in Hong Kong by way of statutory appointment. Instead, at least for now:

• the PCPD will supervise compliance with AI as it pertains to personal data privacy compliance; and
• otherwise, Hong Kong has adopted a sector driven approach to AI regulation, with specific industry regulators releasing guidance, and supervising compliance, on the use and deployment of AI within their field.

European Level

The European Commission established the European AI Office (AI Office) on 24 January 2024. The AI Office is a European Commission function and forms part of the Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology; it must therefore operate in accordance with the Commission's internal processes. The AI Office is responsible for assisting the European Commission with the oversight, monitoring and enforcement of requirements for GPAI models and systems. It is primarily made up of hired full-time staff from a range of backgrounds such as technology specialists, economists, policy specialists and lawyers.

In addition, the European Artificial Intelligence Board (AI Board) has also been established. The AI Board's core responsibility is to advise and assist the Commission and Member States to facilitate the consistent and effective application of the EU AI Act. The AI Board will include a representative from each Member State and the AI Office and the European Data Protection Supervisor shall participate as non-voting observers.

Member State Level

Article 70 of the EU AI Act concerns the designation of national competent authorities by EU Member States. It specifies that each Member State shall establish or designate as national competent authorities at least one notifying authority and at least one market surveillance authority for the purposes of the general supervision and enforcement of the EU AI Act. Where multiple market surveillance authorities are appointed, one of the market surveillance authorities must act as the single point of contact. The authorities must operate independently and without bias. Member States were required to notify the Commission of their appointed authorities and publicly available information on how to contact them by 2 August 2025. The designation of national authorities has been slower than expected, which may affect early enforcement consistency.

European Level

The European Commission established the European AI Office (AI Office) on 24 January 2024. The AI Office is a European Commission function and forms part of the Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology; it must therefore operate in accordance with the Commission's internal processes. The AI Office is responsible for assisting the European Commission with the oversight, monitoring and enforcement of requirements for GPAI models and systems. It is primarily made up of hired full-time staff from a range of backgrounds such as technology specialists, economists, policy specialists and lawyers.

In addition, the European Artificial Intelligence Board (AI Board) has also been established. The AI Board's core responsibility is to advise and assist the Commission and Member States to facilitate the consistent and effective application of the EU AI Act. The AI Board will include a representative from each Member State and the AI Office and the European Data Protection Supervisor shall participate as non-voting observers.

Member State Level

Article 70 of the EU AI Act concerns the designation of national competent authorities by EU Member States. It specifies that each Member State shall establish or designate as national competent authorities at least one notifying authority and at least one market surveillance authority for the purposes of the general supervision and enforcement of the EU AI Act. Where multiple market surveillance authorities are appointed, one of the market surveillance authorities must act as the single point of contact. The authorities must operate independently and without bias. Member States were required to notify the Commission of their appointed authorities and publicly available information on how to contact them by 2 August 2025. The designation of national authorities has been slower than expected, which may affect early enforcement consistency.

European Level

The European Commission established the European AI Office (AI Office) on 24 January 2024. The AI Office is a European Commission function and forms part of the Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology; it must therefore operate in accordance with the Commission's internal processes. The AI Office is responsible for assisting the European Commission with the oversight, monitoring and enforcement of requirements for GPAI models and systems. It is primarily made up of hired full-time staff from a range of backgrounds such as technology specialists, economists, policy specialists and lawyers.

In addition, the European Artificial Intelligence Board (AI Board) has also been established. The AI Board's core responsibility is to advise and assist the Commission and Member States to facilitate the consistent and effective application of the EU AI Act. The AI Board will include a representative from each Member State and the AI Office and the European Data Protection Supervisor shall participate as non-voting observers.

Member State Level

Article 70 of the EU AI Act concerns the designation of national competent authorities by EU Member States. It specifies that each Member State shall establish or designate as national competent authorities at least one notifying authority and at least one market surveillance authority for the purposes of the general supervision and enforcement of the EU AI Act. Where multiple market surveillance authorities are appointed, one of the market surveillance authorities must act as the single point of contact. The authorities must operate independently and without bias. Member States were required to notify the Commission of their appointed authorities and publicly available information on how to contact them by 2 August 2025. The designation of national authorities has been slower than expected, which may affect early enforcement consistency.

A supervisory body with authority for AI has not yet been appointed in Japan yet by way of statutory appointment. 

European Level

The European Commission established the European AI Office (AI Office) on 24 January 2024. The AI Office is a European Commission function and forms part of the Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology; it must therefore operate in accordance with the Commission's internal processes. The AI Office is responsible for assisting the European Commission with the oversight, monitoring and enforcement of requirements for GPAI models and systems. It is primarily made up of hired full-time staff from a range of backgrounds such as technology specialists, economists, policy specialists and lawyers.

In addition, the European Artificial Intelligence Board (AI Board) has also been established. The AI Board's core responsibility is to advise and assist the Commission and Member States to facilitate the consistent and effective application of the EU AI Act. The AI Board will include a representative from each Member State and the AI Office and the European Data Protection Supervisor shall participate as non-voting observers.

Member State Level

Article 70 of the EU AI Act concerns the designation of national competent authorities by EU Member States. It specifies that each Member State shall establish or designate as national competent authorities at least one notifying authority and at least one market surveillance authority for the purposes of the general supervision and enforcement of the EU AI Act. Where multiple market surveillance authorities are appointed, one of the market surveillance authorities must act as the single point of contact. The authorities must operate independently and without bias. Member States were required to notify the Commission of their appointed authorities and publicly available information on how to contact them by 2 August 2025. The designation of national authorities has been slower than expected, which may affect early enforcement consistency.

European Level

The European Commission established the European AI Office (AI Office) on 24 January 2024. The AI Office is a European Commission function and forms part of the Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology; it must therefore operate in accordance with the Commission's internal processes. The AI Office is responsible for assisting the European Commission with the oversight, monitoring and enforcement of requirements for GPAI models and systems. It is primarily made up of hired full-time staff from a range of backgrounds such as technology specialists, economists, policy specialists and lawyers.

In addition, the European Artificial Intelligence Board (AI Board) has also been established. The AI Board's core responsibility is to advise and assist the Commission and Member States to facilitate the consistent and effective application of the EU AI Act. The AI Board will include a representative from each Member State and the AI Office and the European Data Protection Supervisor shall participate as non-voting observers.

Member State Level

Article 70 of the EU AI Act concerns the designation of national competent authorities by EU Member States. It specifies that each Member State shall establish or designate as national competent authorities at least one notifying authority and at least one market surveillance authority for the purposes of the general supervision and enforcement of the EU AI Act. Where multiple market surveillance authorities are appointed, one of the market surveillance authorities must act as the single point of contact. The authorities must operate independently and without bias. Member States were required to notify the Commission of their appointed authorities and publicly available information on how to contact them by 2 August 2025. The designation of national authorities has been slower than expected, which may affect early enforcement consistency.

European Level

The European Commission established the European AI Office (AI Office) on 24 January 2024. The AI Office is a European Commission function and forms part of the Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology; it must therefore operate in accordance with the Commission's internal processes. The AI Office is responsible for assisting the European Commission with the oversight, monitoring and enforcement of requirements for GPAI models and systems. It is primarily made up of hired full-time staff from a range of backgrounds such as technology specialists, economists, policy specialists and lawyers.

In addition, the European Artificial Intelligence Board (AI Board) has also been established. The AI Board's core responsibility is to advise and assist the Commission and Member States to facilitate the consistent and effective application of the EU AI Act. The AI Board will include a representative from each Member State and the AI Office and the European Data Protection Supervisor shall participate as non-voting observers.

Member State Level

Article 70 of the EU AI Act concerns the designation of national competent authorities by EU Member States. It specifies that each Member State shall establish or designate as national competent authorities at least one notifying authority and at least one market surveillance authority for the purposes of the general supervision and enforcement of the EU AI Act. Where multiple market surveillance authorities are appointed, one of the market surveillance authorities must act as the single point of contact. The authorities must operate independently and without bias. Member States were required to notify the Commission of their appointed authorities and publicly available information on how to contact them by 2 August 2025. The designation of national authorities has been slower than expected, which may affect early enforcement consistency.

European Level

The European Commission established the European AI Office (AI Office) on 24 January 2024. The AI Office is a European Commission function and forms part of the Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology; it must therefore operate in accordance with the Commission's internal processes. The AI Office is responsible for assisting the European Commission with the oversight, monitoring and enforcement of requirements for GPAI models and systems. It is primarily made up of hired full-time staff from a range of backgrounds such as technology specialists, economists, policy specialists and lawyers.

In addition, the European Artificial Intelligence Board (AI Board) has also been established. The AI Board's core responsibility is to advise and assist the Commission and Member States to facilitate the consistent and effective application of the EU AI Act. The AI Board will include a representative from each Member State and the AI Office and the European Data Protection Supervisor shall participate as non-voting observers.

Member State Level

Article 70 of the EU AI Act concerns the designation of national competent authorities by EU Member States. It specifies that each Member State shall establish or designate as national competent authorities at least one notifying authority and at least one market surveillance authority for the purposes of the general supervision and enforcement of the EU AI Act. Where multiple market surveillance authorities are appointed, one of the market surveillance authorities must act as the single point of contact. The authorities must operate independently and without bias. Member States were required to notify the Commission of their appointed authorities and publicly available information on how to contact them by 2 August 2025. The designation of national authorities has been slower than expected, which may affect early enforcement consistency.

A supervisory body with the authority for AI has not yet been appointed in Mauritius by way of statutory appointment.

However, the Blueprint provides for the establishment of an AI Unit under the aegis of the Ministry of Information Technology, Communication and Innovation, which will act as a cross-cutting enabler, integrating AI across all national digital projects and ensuring AI technologies are responsibly and effectively harnessed to improve public services, economic productivity and social well-being.

A supervisory body with authority for AI has not yet been appointed in Mexico yet by way of statutory appointment.  

European Level

The European Commission established the European AI Office (AI Office) on 24 January 2024. The AI Office is a European Commission function and forms part of the Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology; it must therefore operate in accordance with the Commission's internal processes. The AI Office is responsible for assisting the European Commission with the oversight, monitoring and enforcement of requirements for GPAI models and systems. It is primarily made up of hired full-time staff from a range of backgrounds such as technology specialists, economists, policy specialists and lawyers.

In addition, the European Artificial Intelligence Board (AI Board) has also been established. The AI Board's core responsibility is to advise and assist the Commission and Member States to facilitate the consistent and effective application of the EU AI Act. The AI Board will include a representative from each Member State and the AI Office and the European Data Protection Supervisor shall participate as non-voting observers.

Member State Level

Article 70 of the EU AI Act concerns the designation of national competent authorities by EU Member States. It specifies that each Member State shall establish or designate as national competent authorities at least one notifying authority and at least one market surveillance authority for the purposes of the general supervision and enforcement of the EU AI Act. Where multiple market surveillance authorities are appointed, one of the market surveillance authorities must act as the single point of contact. The authorities must operate independently and without bias. Member States were required to notify the Commission of their appointed authorities and publicly available information on how to contact them by 2 August 2025. The designation of national authorities has been slower than expected, which may affect early enforcement consistency.

Not applicable.

No supervisory body has been officially appointed.

The Norwegian Communications Authority (Nkom) has been appointed as the supervisory authority for Norway according to the proposal for the Artificial Intelligence Act.

Pursuant to Article 4 of the AI Law, the National Authority, as the governing body of the National System of Digital Transformation, is the technical and regulatory authority at the national level responsible for directing, evaluating and supervising the use and promotion of the development of artificial intelligence and emerging technologies, in order to achieve the country's objectives in terms of digital transformation and sustainable development objectives in accordance with current regulations.

Article 4 of the AI Law states that the National Authority, within the framework of the digital transformation, is appointed to develop and articulate actions to promote and encourage:

• The development of artificial intelligence and its adoption as a tool to boost the country's development and welfare.
• The training of professionals with competence in the exploitation, development and use of AI in the country.
• The creation and strengthening of digital infrastructure as an enabler for the development of AI.
• The development of a data infrastructure in order to make high quality, reusable and accessible public data available.
• The adoption of ethical guidelines for a sustainable, transparent and replicable use of AI.
• A collaborative AI ecosystem at national and international level.

European Level

The European Commission established the European AI Office (AI Office) on 24 January 2024. The AI Office is a European Commission function and forms part of the Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology; it must therefore operate in accordance with the Commission's internal processes. The AI Office is responsible for assisting the European Commission with the oversight, monitoring and enforcement of requirements for GPAI models and systems. It is primarily made up of hired full-time staff from a range of backgrounds such as technology specialists, economists, policy specialists and lawyers.

In addition, the European Artificial Intelligence Board (AI Board) has also been established. The AI Board's core responsibility is to advise and assist the Commission and Member States to facilitate the consistent and effective application of the EU AI Act. The AI Board will include a representative from each Member State and the AI Office and the European Data Protection Supervisor shall participate as non-voting observers.

Member State Level

Article 70 of the EU AI Act concerns the designation of national competent authorities by EU Member States. It specifies that each Member State shall establish or designate as national competent authorities at least one notifying authority and at least one market surveillance authority for the purposes of the general supervision and enforcement of the EU AI Act. Where multiple market surveillance authorities are appointed, one of the market surveillance authorities must act as the single point of contact. The authorities must operate independently and without bias. Member States were required to notify the Commission of their appointed authorities and publicly available information on how to contact them by 2 August 2025. The designation of national authorities has been slower than expected, which may affect early enforcement consistency.

European Level

The European Commission established the European AI Office (AI Office) on 24 January 2024. The AI Office is a European Commission function and forms part of the Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology; it must therefore operate in accordance with the Commission's internal processes. The AI Office is responsible for assisting the European Commission with the oversight, monitoring and enforcement of requirements for GPAI models and systems. It is primarily made up of hired full-time staff from a range of backgrounds such as technology specialists, economists, policy specialists and lawyers.

In addition, the European Artificial Intelligence Board (AI Board) has also been established. The AI Board's core responsibility is to advise and assist the Commission and Member States to facilitate the consistent and effective application of the EU AI Act. The AI Board will include a representative from each Member State and the AI Office and the European Data Protection Supervisor shall participate as non-voting observers.

Member State Level

Article 70 of the EU AI Act concerns the designation of national competent authorities by EU Member States. It specifies that each Member State shall establish or designate as national competent authorities at least one notifying authority and at least one market surveillance authority for the purposes of the general supervision and enforcement of the EU AI Act. Where multiple market surveillance authorities are appointed, one of the market surveillance authorities must act as the single point of contact. The authorities must operate independently and without bias. Member States were required to notify the Commission of their appointed authorities and publicly available information on how to contact them by 2 August 2025. The designation of national authorities has been slower than expected, which may affect early enforcement consistency.

European Level

The European Commission established the European AI Office (AI Office) on 24 January 2024. The AI Office is a European Commission function and forms part of the Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology; it must therefore operate in accordance with the Commission's internal processes. The AI Office is responsible for assisting the European Commission with the oversight, monitoring and enforcement of requirements for GPAI models and systems. It is primarily made up of hired full-time staff from a range of backgrounds such as technology specialists, economists, policy specialists and lawyers.

In addition, the European Artificial Intelligence Board (AI Board) has also been established. The AI Board's core responsibility is to advise and assist the Commission and Member States to facilitate the consistent and effective application of the EU AI Act. The AI Board will include a representative from each Member State and the AI Office and the European Data Protection Supervisor shall participate as non-voting observers.

Member State Level

Article 70 of the EU AI Act concerns the designation of national competent authorities by EU Member States. It specifies that each Member State shall establish or designate as national competent authorities at least one notifying authority and at least one market surveillance authority for the purposes of the general supervision and enforcement of the EU AI Act. Where multiple market surveillance authorities are appointed, one of the market surveillance authorities must act as the single point of contact. The authorities must operate independently and without bias. Member States were required to notify the Commission of their appointed authorities and publicly available information on how to contact them by 2 August 2025. The designation of national authorities has been slower than expected, which may affect early enforcement consistency.

A single supervisory body with authority for AI has not yet been appointed in Singapore yet by way of statutory appointment. Instead, at least for now, Singapore adopts a sector driven approach to AI regulation which specific industry regulators releasing guidance on the use and deployment of AI within their field. 

European Level

The European Commission established the European AI Office (AI Office) on 24 January 2024. The AI Office is a European Commission function and forms part of the Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology; it must therefore operate in accordance with the Commission's internal processes. The AI Office is responsible for assisting the European Commission with the oversight, monitoring and enforcement of requirements for GPAI models and systems. It is primarily made up of hired full-time staff from a range of backgrounds such as technology specialists, economists, policy specialists and lawyers.

In addition, the European Artificial Intelligence Board (AI Board) has also been established. The AI Board's core responsibility is to advise and assist the Commission and Member States to facilitate the consistent and effective application of the EU AI Act. The AI Board will include a representative from each Member State and the AI Office and the European Data Protection Supervisor shall participate as non-voting observers.

Member State Level

Article 70 of the EU AI Act concerns the designation of national competent authorities by EU Member States. It specifies that each Member State shall establish or designate as national competent authorities at least one notifying authority and at least one market surveillance authority for the purposes of the general supervision and enforcement of the EU AI Act. Where multiple market surveillance authorities are appointed, one of the market surveillance authorities must act as the single point of contact. The authorities must operate independently and without bias. Member States were required to notify the Commission of their appointed authorities and publicly available information on how to contact them by 2 August 2025. The designation of national authorities has been slower than expected, which may affect early enforcement consistency.

European Level

The European Commission established the European AI Office (AI Office) on 24 January 2024. The AI Office is a European Commission function and forms part of the Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology; it must therefore operate in accordance with the Commission's internal processes. The AI Office is responsible for assisting the European Commission with the oversight, monitoring and enforcement of requirements for GPAI models and systems. It is primarily made up of hired full-time staff from a range of backgrounds such as technology specialists, economists, policy specialists and lawyers.

In addition, the European Artificial Intelligence Board (AI Board) has also been established. The AI Board's core responsibility is to advise and assist the Commission and Member States to facilitate the consistent and effective application of the EU AI Act. The AI Board will include a representative from each Member State and the AI Office and the European Data Protection Supervisor shall participate as non-voting observers.

Member State Level

Article 70 of the EU AI Act concerns the designation of national competent authorities by EU Member States. It specifies that each Member State shall establish or designate as national competent authorities at least one notifying authority and at least one market surveillance authority for the purposes of the general supervision and enforcement of the EU AI Act. Where multiple market surveillance authorities are appointed, one of the market surveillance authorities must act as the single point of contact. The authorities must operate independently and without bias. Member States were required to notify the Commission of their appointed authorities and publicly available information on how to contact them by 2 August 2025. The designation of national authorities has been slower than expected, which may affect early enforcement consistency.

There is currently no primary and/or general supervisory authority under the AI Act in Korea. It is expected that regulatory agencies will handle issues according to their respective domains. For example, PIPC will handle personal information-related issues, KCC communication regulation issues, and the Korea Fair Trade Commission (KFTC) fair trade issues.

European Level

The European Commission established the European AI Office (AI Office) on 24 January 2024. The AI Office is a European Commission function and forms part of the Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology; it must therefore operate in accordance with the Commission's internal processes. The AI Office is responsible for assisting the European Commission with the oversight, monitoring and enforcement of requirements for GPAI models and systems. It is primarily made up of hired full-time staff from a range of backgrounds such as technology specialists, economists, policy specialists and lawyers.

In addition, the European Artificial Intelligence Board (AI Board) has also been established. The AI Board's core responsibility is to advise and assist the Commission and Member States to facilitate the consistent and effective application of the EU AI Act. The AI Board will include a representative from each Member State and the AI Office and the European Data Protection Supervisor shall participate as non-voting observers.

Member State Level

Article 70 of the EU AI Act concerns the designation of national competent authorities by EU Member States. It specifies that each Member State shall establish or designate as national competent authorities at least one notifying authority and at least one market surveillance authority for the purposes of the general supervision and enforcement of the EU AI Act. Where multiple market surveillance authorities are appointed, one of the market surveillance authorities must act as the single point of contact. The authorities must operate independently and without bias. Member States were required to notify the Commission of their appointed authorities and publicly available information on how to contact them by 2 August 2025. The designation of national authorities has been slower than expected, which may affect early enforcement consistency.

European Level

The European Commission established the European AI Office (AI Office) on 24 January 2024. The AI Office is a European Commission function and forms part of the Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology; it must therefore operate in accordance with the Commission's internal processes. The AI Office is responsible for assisting the European Commission with the oversight, monitoring and enforcement of requirements for GPAI models and systems. It is primarily made up of hired full-time staff from a range of backgrounds such as technology specialists, economists, policy specialists and lawyers.

In addition, the European Artificial Intelligence Board (AI Board) has also been established. The AI Board's core responsibility is to advise and assist the Commission and Member States to facilitate the consistent and effective application of the EU AI Act. The AI Board will include a representative from each Member State and the AI Office and the European Data Protection Supervisor shall participate as non-voting observers.

Member State Level

Article 70 of the EU AI Act concerns the designation of national competent authorities by EU Member States. It specifies that each Member State shall establish or designate as national competent authorities at least one notifying authority and at least one market surveillance authority for the purposes of the general supervision and enforcement of the EU AI Act. Where multiple market surveillance authorities are appointed, one of the market surveillance authorities must act as the single point of contact. The authorities must operate independently and without bias. Member States were required to notify the Commission of their appointed authorities and publicly available information on how to contact them by 2 August 2025. The designation of national authorities has been slower than expected, which may affect early enforcement consistency.

At present, the Electronic Transactions Development Agency (ETDA) has been assigned to review draft laws related to AI in Thailand.

The AI Governance Center (AIGC), under the Electronic Transactions Development Agency (ETDA), has also been established to perform key missions related to AI. These include developing a governance framework for AI in electronic transactions, providing consultation on AI policy and governance and sharing knowledge on AI applications.

A supervisory body with authority for AI has not yet been appointed in Turkey by way of statutory appointment.

There is no unified federal law or emirate level law in the UAE that has a primary focus on regulating AI (and therefore there is no appointed supervisory body with authority for regulating AI).

However, a dedicated government ministry – the Artificial Intelligence, Digital Economy and Remote Work Applications Office (Ministry of AI) – has been established to drive the UAE’s AI initiatives. The Ministry of AI plays a crucial role in shaping policies and strategies relating to AI at a federal level.  There are also authorities established in each emirate that are responsible for developing strategies and policies for AI in their respective emirate. For example, the Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Technology Council (AIATC) has been established in Abu Dhabi for “everything related to projects, investments and research related to artificial intelligence and advanced technology”.

The Commissioner of Data Protection is the supervisory authority responsible for regulating data protection in the DIFC, including the provisions in the DIFC’s Data Protection Regulations relating to the processing of personal data in connection with AI systems.

A supervisory body with authority for AI has not yet been appointed in the UK by way of statutory appointment. However, Lord Holmes' proposed AI (Regulation) Bill seeks to create a central statutory AI Authority, which would coordinate oversight across sectors and set governance standards.

The U.S. has no centralized federal regulator specifically dedicated to AI. Instead, federal oversight of AI remains distributed across multiple agencies and advisory bodies. For example, the Trump Administration’s December 2025 EO pushed a national policy framework and strategies to challenge state AI laws but did not suggest the need for a new regulator to oversee such efforts; it relies instead on existing agencies and officials.

Similarly, most states do not charge a single agency with oversight or responsibility for AI-related matters. A growing number of states have adopted AI-specific statutes that embed regulatory or enforcement authority in existing agencies or frameworks, such as consumer protection, and that sometimes designate specialized oversight bodies in particular market sectors.

For example, Colorado’s AG is tasked with regulatory and enforcement responsibilities under the Colorado AI Act, while Utah has designated oversight through its Department of Commerce and an emerging Office of AI Policy. New York’s RAISE Act will create a new agency, within a larger, existing one, to implement that law. At the local level, New York City’s Local Law 144 assigns enforcement to NYC’s Department of Consumer and Worker Protection (DCWP).

In other states, AGs are actively leveraging existing consumer protection, privacy, and anti-discrimination laws to investigate and enforce against AI-related harms. In addition to engaging AGs, several states have empowered consumer protection agencies or other regulatory bodies to oversee AI-related compliance, resulting in a decentralized enforcement landscape where responsibilities vary by jurisdiction.